Inayiloni, igama lenzululwazi yi-polyamidefibre.Yeyona ndlela yokuqala yehlabathi yodidi lwefayibha eyenziweyo, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo, izixhobo ezityebileyo zemathiriyeli ekrwada, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi.

Inayiloni yinzululwazi egqwesileyo yase-United States uCarothers kwaye phantsi kobunkokeli beqela lophando lwezenzululwazi ephuhlisiwe, yintsinga yokuqala yehlabathi eyenziweyo. Inkangeleko yenayiloni yenza ukuba ilaphu libukeke litsha ngokupheleleyo, ukudityaniswa kwayo yeyona nto iphambili kushishino lwefayibha zokwenziwa, kodwa ikwayinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwichemistry yepolymer.

Kwi-1935, i-polymer yalungiswa nge-adipic acid kunye ne-adipic diamine njengezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngenxa yokuba la macandelo mabini aneathom zekhabhoni ezi-6, yayibizwa ngokuba yipolymer 66 ngelo xesha. Wanyibilikisa i-polymer wayicinezela ngaphandle ngenaliti yokutofa, wayolula phantsi koxinzelelo kwaye wayibiza ngokuba yifayibha. Le fayibha yi-polyamide 66 fiber, ebizwa ngokuba yiNylon emva koshishino ngo-1939, lolona didi lokuqala lwefiber eyenziweyo ukufezekisa ushishino.

Koku kuphuma igama inayiloni. Inayiloni eyenziwe ngepholima nge-lactam-ring-open ibizwa ngokuba yinayiloni. Ngokomzekelo, i-PA6 ifunyenwe ngokuvula i-polymerization ye-caprolactam. Ipolymer efunyenwe kwi-condensation ye-dibasic acid kunye ne-dibasic amine ibizwa ngokuba yinayiloni mn, apho i-m imele inani le-athom zekhabhoni kwikhonkco eliphambili le-amine ye-dibasic, kwaye n imele inani le-athomu zekhabhoni kwikhonkco eliphambili i-dibasic acid. Ngokomzekelo, i-PA610 ifunyenwe kwi-condensation ye-sebacic acid kunye ne-adipdiamine. Ibonakaliswa ngesifinyezo se-diamine ephindaphindiweyo okanye i-diacid, njenge-m-benzodimethylamine ibizwa ngokuba yi-MXDA, ngoko ke i-polymer ye-m-benzodimethylamine kunye ne-adipic acid ibizwa ngokuba yi-nylon MXD6.

Izinto eziluncedo kwinayiloni

Amandla anamandla, ukumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, eyokuqala phakathi kwayo yonke imicu. Ukumelana kwayo nokunxiba ngamaxesha e-10 ye-cotton fiber, amaxesha angama-10 eyomileyo ye-viscose fiber kunye namaxesha angama-140 e-fiber emanzi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlala kwayo kugqwesileyo.

I-elasticity kunye nokuqina kwelaphu lenayiloni kuhle kakhulu, kodwa kulula ukukhubaza phantsi kwamandla amancinci angaphandle, ngoko ke ilaphu kulula ukushwabana kwinkqubo yokunxiba.

Ukungena komoya okulambathayo, kulula ukuvelisa umbane ongatshintshiyo.

Ipropathi ye-hygroscopic yelaphu le-nylon yintlobo engcono kwilaphu le-fiber eyenziwe, ngoko ke iimpahla ezenziwe nge-nylon zikhululekile ngakumbi kunempahla ye-polyester.

Inokumelana kakuhle nemingxunya kunye nokubola.

Ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokumelana nokukhanya akulunganga ngokwaneleyo, ubushushu be-ayina kufuneka bulawuleke ngaphantsi kwe-140 ℃. Nika ingqalelo kwiimeko zokuhlamba kunye nokugcinwa kwindlela yokugqoka, ukuze ungonakalisi ingubo.

Ilaphu leNyiloni lilaphu elilula, elidweliswe kuphela kwilaphu lefayibha yokwenziwa emva kwepolypropylene, ilaphu le-acrylic, ngoko ke, lilungele iimpahla zokukhwela intaba, iimpahla zasebusika.

Usetyenziso oluphambili lwenayiloni

Usetyenziso lwayo oluphambili lunokwahlulwa lube ziindawo ezintathu: iimpahla kunye nempahla, iikhaphethi zoshishino kunye nezokuhombisa:

Ifayibha yengubo

Inayiloni inokulukwa ibe ngamalaphu asulungekileyo okanye isetyenziswe njengemathiriyeli ekrwada yokulukwa, amalaphu athuthiweyo kunye ne-weft emva konyango olufana ne-deformation kunye ne-flexing.nylon inokulukwa kwilaphu elisulungekileyo, okanye inokuba itshintshwe ibe umsonto wenylon fdy,inayiloni dty umsonto,inayiloni ispandex umsonto ogqunyiweyo I-andnylon yarnafter yoshishino ikhubazekile kwaye igotywe, njl.

Ifayibha yoshishino

Ngokuqina okuphezulu okumanzi kunye nokomileyo kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa, yinto efanelekileyo yokwenza ilaphu lokushicilela kunye nephepha elivakalayo.

Ivili lentambo yenayiloni lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini lokwenziwa kweemoto. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zamalaphu entambo, ngenxa yamandla awo aphezulu, ubude kunye nomsebenzi wokuqhawuka.

Ziyakwazi ukumelana nesantya kunye nobunzima beemoto ngesantya esiphezulu. Zivavanyiwe ezi zinto zintathu kunye nomphezulu wendlela ongalinganiyo akunakufane kwenzeke ukuba kubangele ukuqhekeka kwamatayara.

Yomelele, ithambile kwaye ikhaphukhaphu, kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiminatha yokuloba, iintambo kunye neminatha yokhuseleko.

Ikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso, ezinje ngeebhanti zokuqhuba, imibhobho yomlilo, intambo yokuthunga, amabhanti okhuseleko kunye neeparashute.

Ikhaphethi ifibre

Umthamo wenayiloni osetyenziswa kwiikhaphethi uyanda unyaka nonyaka. Ngokukodwa ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha, inayiloni inemisebenzi ekhethekileyo, efana ne-antistatic kunye ne-flame retardant. Ukongeza, i-brigade

Ukhenketho kunye nokukhula kwezindlu kukwanegalelo ekwandeni kwemicu yeekhaphethi. Kwiminyaka yakutsha nje, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwemveliso yenayiloni isambuku sefilament, indawo enkulu yekhaphethi egqunyiweyo egcweleyo yenziwe ikakhulu ngekhaphethi enayiloni enenylon, eneendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye namathemba ophuhliso abanzi.

1.Nayiloni 6 (PA6)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide6 okanye Nylon6, PA6 ngokufutshane; Inayiloni 6, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide 6, ebizwa ngokuba yi-polycaprolactam, esuka kwi-caprolactam yokuvula ikhonkco lokuvula iringi.

I-opalescent resin eguquguqukayo okanye e-opaque, eneempawu eziphezulu zoomatshini, ukuqina, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokufunxa kumatshini, ukugquma okulungileyo kunye nokuxhathisa imichiza. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zemoto, i-electronics, umbane kunye nezinye iindawo.

2.Nayiloni 66 (PA66)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide66 okanye iNylon6; PA66 ngokufutshane; Inayiloni 66, eyaziwa ngokuba polyamide 66, ezizezi polyadipylhexediamine.

Xa kuthelekiswa nenayiloni 6, amandla ayo omatshini, ukuqina, ubushushu kunye nokunganyangeki kokunxiba, ukuxhathisa kwe-creep kungcono, kodwa amandla empembelelo kunye nokusebenza komatshini wokufunxa kuyancipha. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimoto, i-UAV, i-elektroniki kunye nombane.

3.Nayiloni 1010 (PA1010)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide1010; Inayiloni1010; PA1010 ngokufutshane. Inayiloni 1010, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide 1010, oko kukuthi, i-poly maleyl malediamine.

Inayiloni 1010 yenziwe ngeoyile ye-castor, eyathi yaphuhliswa okokuqala kwaye yaveliswa yiShanghai celluloid Factory. Olona phawu lwayo lukhulu kukuba ine-ductility ephezulu, inokolulwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3 ~ 4 kubude bamaxesha angaphambili, kwaye amandla anamandla okuxinana, ifuthe kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bugqwesile, abune-brittle ku-60℃, kwaye inokumelana nokunxiba okugqwesileyo, i-ultra- Ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nokumelana neoyile elungileyo, esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aerospace, ikhebula, intambo ye-optical, isinyithi okanye intambo yomphezulu wentambo.

4.Nayiloni 610 (PA610)

Poly[Imino-1,6-hexanediylimino(1,10-dioxo-1,10-decanediyl)]; Polyamide 610; Inayiloni 610; PA610 ngokufutshane. Inayiloni 610, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide 610, eyile, i-poly kwai dihexamediamine.

Imhlophe qhwa. Amandla ayo aphakathi kwe-nylon 6 kunye ne-nylon 66. Umlinganiselo omncinci, i-crystallinity ephantsi, i-absorption yamanzi ephantsi, ukuzinza okuhle kwe-dimensional, ukumelana nokunxiba kakuhle, ukuzicima. Isetyenziselwa ukuchaneka kwezixhobo zeplastiki, imibhobho yeoli, izikhongozeli, iintambo, amabhanti okuhambisa, iibheringi, iinxalenye zoomatshini belaphu, izinto zokugquma umbane kunye ne-elektroniki kunye namaqokobhe esixhobo, njl.

5.Nayiloni 612 (PA612)

Polyhexamethylene dodecanamide; Polyamide 612; Inayiloni 612; PA612 ngokufutshane. Inayiloni 612, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide 612, eyile polydodecanylhexediamine.

Inayiloni 612 luhlobo lwenayiloni enokuqina okuhle, ukuxinana okuncinci kune-610, ukufunxa amanzi aphantsi kakhulu, ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokunxiba, ukushwabana okuncinci kokubumba, ukuxhathisa kwe-hydrolysis kunye nokuzinza komda. Ukusetyenziswa okubaluleke kakhulu kukwenza i-monofilament ye-toothbrush ephezulu kunye ne-cable coating.

6. Inayiloni 11 (PA11)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide11 okanye iNylon11; PA11 ngokufutshane. Inayiloni 11, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide 11, eyile polyundeclatam.

Ngumzimba omhlophe obonakala kancinci. Iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo bubushushu obunyibilikayo obuphantsi kunye nobushushu bokusebenza okubanzi, ukufunxwa kwamanzi aphantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle kobushushu obuphantsi, kunokugcinwa kwi -40℃ ~ 120℃ ukuguquguquka okuhle. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumbhobho weoyile yemoto, umbhobho we-brake system, i-fiber optic cable coating, ifilimu yokupakisha, iimfuno zemihla ngemihla, njl.

7.Nayiloni 12 (PA12)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide12 okanye iNylon12; PA12 ngokufutshane. Inayiloni 12, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-polyamide 12, oko kukuthi, i-polydodecamide.

Ifana nenayiloni ye-11 kodwa inoxinano olusezantsi, indawo yokunyibilika kunye nokufunxa kwamanzi kunenayiloni 11. Ngenxa yokuba iqulethe isixa esikhulu se-agent eqinisayo, inepropati yokudibanisa i-polyamide kunye ne-polyolefin. Iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo bubushushu obuphezulu bokubola, ukufunxa kwamanzi aphantsi kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumbhobho we-oyile yemoto, ipaneli yesixhobo, i-accelerator pedal, ithumbu lebrake, iinxalenye ze-electronic muffler zombane, i-cable sheath.

8.Nayiloni 46 (PA46)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide46 okanye iNylon46; Yi-PA46 ngokufutshane. Inayiloni 46, eyaziwa ngokuba polyamide 46, ezizezi polyadipylbutylenediamine.

Iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo ziyi-crystallinity ephezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-injini yeemoto kunye nezixhobo ze-peripheral, njengentloko yesilinda, isiseko se-cylinder, isivalo se-oyile, ukuhanjiswa. Kumashishini ombane, isetyenziswa njenge-contactor, i-socket, i-coil skeleton, i-switch kunye nezinye iindawo ezifuna ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla okudinwa.

9.Inayiloni 6T (PA6T)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide6T okanye iNylon6T; PA6T ngokufutshane. Inayiloni 6T, ekwaziwa ngokuba yipolyamide 6T, eyile polyp-benzoylhexediamine.

Iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo kukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu (indawo yokunyibilika yi-370 ℃, ubushushu beglasi yi-180 ℃, ingasetyenziswa kwi-200 ℃ ixesha elide), amandla aphezulu, ubungakanani obuzinzileyo, ukuxhathisa okuhle kwe-welding yenza i-PA6T ilungele ngakumbi iteknoloji yokuncamathelisa (SMT). ) iziqhagamshelo zombane. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zemoto, isigqubuthelo sempompo yeoli, isihluzo somoya, iindawo zombane ezinganyangekiyo kubushushu ezifana nentambo yokubopha, ifuse njalo njalo.

10. Inayiloni 9T (PA9T)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide9T okanye Nylon9T; PA9T ngokufutshane. Inayiloni -9T, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polyamide -9T, ebizwa ngokuba yi-polyp-benzoylnonenediamine.

Iimpawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zezi: ukuxutywa kwamanzi amancinci, izinga lokungena kwamanzi kwi-0.17%; Ukumelana nobushushu obuhle (indawo yokunyibilika i-308 ℃, iqondo lobushushu beglasi yi-126 ℃), ubushushu bayo bokuwelda ukuya kuthi ga kwi-290 ℃. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zombane, zombane, izixhobo zolwazi kunye nezixhobo zemoto.

11.Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide10T okanye iNylon10T; PA10T ngokufutshane. Inayiloni 10T, polyamide 10T, oko kukuthi, polyp-benzoyl decanediamine.

Iimpawu zayo eziphambili yi-hygroscopicity ephantsi kakhulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuqina okugqwesileyo, ukuqina kunye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional, i-fluidity elungileyo kunye nokusebenza kwe-machining, umbala olula, umgca we-welding welding fusion, indawo yokunyibilika ukuya kwi-300 ~ 316 ℃, ubuninzi be-1.42g / cm3 . I-PA10T ineringi ye-benzene kunye nekhonkco elide eliguquguqukayo le-diamine, elenza ukuba i-macromolecule ibe neqondo elithile lokuguquguquka, kwaye ngaloo ndlela inezinga eliphezulu le-crystallization kunye ne-crystallinity, efanelekileyo kwiprototyping ekhawulezayo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwisibiyeli sokubonisa i-LED, isiciko sokuphela kwemoto, isibiyeli sebrashi, igiya njalo njalo.

12. Inayiloni ecacileyo (inayiloni enuka kamnandi)

polytrimethyl hexamethylene terephthalamide; i-polyamide resin ecacileyo; i-polyamide resin ecacileyo; Inayiloni ecacileyo yi-amorphous polyamide, igama lekhemikhali: i-polyp-benzoyltrimethylhexediamine.

Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo kufikelela kwi-85% ~ 90%. Inokuthintela icrystallization yenylon ngokongeza amacandelo ane-copolymerization kunye nemiqobo ye-stereoscopic, ekhokelela kulwakhiwo olungeyo-crystalline kunye ne-hard-crystallized structure, egcina amandla okuqala kunye nokuqina kwenylon, kunye nokufumana iimveliso zodonga olucacileyo. Iimpawu zomatshini, iipropati zombane, amandla omatshini kunye nokuqina kwe-nylon ecacileyo ziphantse zifana nezo ze-PC kunye ne-polysulfone.

13. Inayiloni 1414 (PA1414)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide1414; Kevlar. Inayiloni1414. Yi PA1414 ngokufutshane. Polyphthalamide. Polyphthalamide.

Imolekyuli ubukhulu becala yenziwe ngeringi yebenzene eqinile, eyepolymer engqongqo ephezulu, ubume bayo bemolekyuli bunomgangatho ophezulu we-symmetry kunye nesiqhelo, kukho ibhondi eyomeleleyo ye-hydrogen phakathi kwamatyathanga amakhulu emolekyuli, ukuze i-polymer ibe namandla aphezulu, imodulus ephezulu. , ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxinana okuphantsi, ukucutheka kwe-thermal encinci, ukuzinza okuhle komgangatho kunye nezinye iimpawu, zinokwenziwa zibe namandla aphezulu, i-modulus fiber ephezulu.

14.Nayiloni 1313 (Aramid 1313)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide1313; Nomex; Inayiloni1313; Ngokufutshane PA1313. I-M-benzoyl chloride kunye ne-m-benzoenediamine zifunyenwe nge-polymerization ye-condensation yee-monomers.

I-Nomex ineempawu zomatshini kunye nokumelana nobushushu kuphezulu kakhulu kune-aliphatic PA (njengelaphu lefayibha, ubomi bunamaxesha angama-8 okwelaphu le-aliphatic PA ifayibha, amaxesha angama-20 elaphu lomqhaphu), ukuguga okuhle kobushushu (ukumelana nomphezulu kunye nokumelana nomthamo kuhlala kungatshintshi emva koko. ukuguga okushushu kwi-250℃ ye-2000h), kwaye usenako ukugcina iimpawu zombane ezilungileyo phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu okanye indawo efumileyo. Isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-H iklasi yokufakelwa izinto zombane kunye nokulungiselela i-fiber ephezulu yokusebenza (HT-1 fiber).

15. Inayiloni 56 (PA56)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide56 okanye iNylon56; Ngokufutshane: PA56. Inayiloni 56 i-polycondensation ye-glutenediamine kunye ne-adipic acid, enokuthi ikhutshwe kwizinto eziphilayo zendalo.

Ukukhuselwa kwendalo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunokuphucula induduzo yelaphu lesiphelo. Isantya sokufunxa amanzi, ubushushu beglasi yokutshintsha, amandla, ukuthamba, ukufunxa ukufuma, ukomelela kubhetele kunenylon 6, inayiloni 66, ipolyester inxalenye yeemveliso.

16. Inayiloni 1212 (PA1212)

Igama lesiNgesi: Polyamide1212; Inayiloni1212; PA1212 ngokufutshane. Ifunyenwe nge-polycondensation ye-diamine elinesibini kunye ne-diacid elinesibini.

I-PA1212 inelona zinga liphantsi lokufunxa amanzi kwinayiloni, uzinzo olufanelekileyo lwe-oyile, ukumelana ne-alkali, ukumelana nokunxiba, ukumelana neekhemikhali, ukungafihli kakuhle, kunye nokuqina okugqwesileyo kubushushu obuphantsi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-aerospace, imoto, i-textile, isixhobo, izixhobo zonyango kunye nokunye.